Background: The aim of this study was to introduce a new and economical method for reduction of nitrate content in CANNED APPLES and pears.Methods: The nitrate content was determined before and after treatment with CaHPO4 ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% using spectroscopic method in 2015 in Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran- Iran. The effect of treatment time at three different time points (30, 60, 90 min) was determined. Sensory evaluation was performed using five-point hedonic scales.Results: Nitrate content in fresh fruit is significantly (P<0.05) lower than CANNED products; this may be explained by the effect of water for washing fruits during processing. The mean value of nitrate in CANNED APPLES were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to the CANNED pears; this may be related to the type of fruits and its texture and composition. Nitrate content of CANNED APPLES and pears were decreased from 233.24±24.90 to 128.80±0.423 and 195.11±20.32 to 118.804±0.634 mg/kg, respectively. Different concentration of CaHPO4 did not influence sensory attributes of CANNED APPLES while overall acceptance of CANNED pears decreased only in 0.1% CaHPO4 (P<0.05). The most efficient time for treating by CaHPO4 was 90 min, but the most practical one is recommended 30 min. Addition of CaHPO4 did not change pH of CANNED samples.Conclusion: Application of CaHPO4 is suggested as a novel, safe and economical method for removal of nitrate in CANNED products.

CANNED Giant written by Mehdi Rajabi is a fantasy on two levels of real and unreal. In the real world, the young adult experiences freedom from dominant direct education living a life away from grown up expectations while facing great challenges. In the unreal, he goes to the world of the magician and the giant and the dream signifying one's movement from consciousness to the unconscious. This voyage leads to joining of inner and outer conflicts and finally maturity. In this study, focusing on Jung's views on individuation as well as Campbell's hero's journey analyzes this novel. It is argued that in contrast to supernatural myths of voyage, the hero is entangled with real crises of childhood and adolescence in unreal worlds and by recognizing conflicts and fears, he separates himself to reach the real world. The ending of such stories leads to individuation of the hero through gaining real experiences.

Heavy metal contamination of food products, especially seafood is a major concern because of the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metal contaminants. Their detection in fish is an indicator of marine pollution. In this study heavy metal concentrations were measured in a sample of commercially obtained CANNED tuna; after digestion and preparation of 21 such samples, levels of mercury and arsenic were determined by the hydride generation technique, while those of lead and cadmium were measured by the graphite furnace system. Tin levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometery. The mean contents of heavy metals expressed in ug/g of wet weight were 0.113±0.027(range 0.082-0.16) for mercury, 0.129±0.082(0.037-0.262) for arsenic, 0.029±0.019(0.006-0.088) for cadmium, and 0.33± 0.12(0.016-0.049) for lead. No tin was detected any of the samples. The concentrations of toxic metals in this study were below the WHO/FAO-recommended levels, but further studies are needed to assess the risk associated other types of food.